Dengue Virus Net is the web resource for anyone interested in dengue. The objectives of Dengue Virus Net are to be the public and professional information resource for dengue and to serve as a network in the exchange of information and news related to dengue.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness (dengue fever), and sometimes a potentially lethal complication called dengue haemorrhagic fever. Global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades. About two fifths of the world's population are now at risk. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti or more rarely the Aedes albopictus mosquito, which feed during the day. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of serious illness and death among children in some Asian countries. There is currently no specific treatment for dengue.

• Chikungunya and dengue fever anti-viral invented by Florida researcher - The Global Dispatch
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 10:44:
• Health DG: Selangor dengue cases record massive 338pc spike - The Malay Mail Online
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 10:40:
• Inspection: Dengue fever surveillance continues - The Express Tribune
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 09:20:
• On Parliament's agenda next week: NLB, MH17 and dengue - TODAYonline
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 09:17:
• New progress in treatment for Dengue fever - Business Standard
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 08:57:
• Researchers are now step closer to find treatment for dengue fever - News-Medical.net
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 08:34:
• Dengue, Chikungunya Fevers Confirmed In Escambia County - NorthEscambia.com
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 06:23:
• Dengue Scare: Admn Wakes up to Civic Woes of Industrial Zone - The New Indian Express
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 04:23:
• Dengue gets worse, four test positive in a day - Times of India
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 03:59:
• Junkyard sealed for dengue larva - DAWN.com
  Fri, 01 Aug 2014 03:37:

• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Malaysia
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Mexico
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Estado de Yucatán, Mexico
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Estado de Sinaloa, Mexico
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Estado de Tamaulipas, Mexico
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Honduras
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Provincia de Panamá, Panama
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Dominican Republic
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Cuba
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Provincia de Camagüey, Cuba
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Havana, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Paraguay
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Venezuela
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Estado Táchira, Venezuela
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to


• PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (47): America, Asia, Pacific
  Thu, 31 Jul 2014 18:35:43
  Dengue -- Quezon City, Quezon, Philippines
  Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.
  Methods: Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013.
  Population demographics were used to

• ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS AND DENGUE.
  Wiwanitkit V ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS AND DENGUE. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014 Jul; 56(4):312.


• MEMBRANOTROPIC REGIONS OF DENGUE VIRUS prM PROTEIN.
  Nemesio H, Villalaín J MEMBRANOTROPIC REGIONS OF DENGUE VIRUS prM PROTEIN. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]Biochemistry 2014 Jul 30.The Dengue virus (DENV) prM protein consists of two moieties, the pr and M domains. Apart from preventing the premature fusion activity of the DENV E protein, prM has several other unknown biological roles, displaying both protein/protein and membrane/protein interactions. Although prM protein is an essential component of the DENV viral cycle, little is known about its biological functions and what regions of this protein are responsible for said functions. By performing an exhaustive study of membrane rupture induced by a prM peptide library on simple and complex model membranes as well as their ability to modulate the phospholipid phase transitions of DMPC and DMPG, six membranotropic regions on the prM protein have been identified. Apart from the previously identified two transmembrane segments of the protein, one of these regions probably interacts with the fusion E protein and another one, the stem segment, would interact with the membrane modulating its structure. These data will help us understand the molecular mechanism of viral entry and morphogenesis, allow the identification of new targets for the treatment of Dengue virus infection and make possible the future development of DENV entry inhibitors.


• Composition, abundance and aspects of temporal variation in the distribution of Anopheles species in an area of Eastern Amazonia.
  Barbosa LM, Souto RN, Ferreira RM, et al. Composition, abundance and aspects of temporal variation in the distribution of Anopheles species in an area of Eastern Amazonia. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014 Jun; 47(3):313-320.Introduction The diverse and complex environmental conditions of the Amazon Basin favor the breeding and development of Anopheles species. This study aimed to describe the composition, abundance and temporal frequency of Anopheles species and to correlate these factors with precipitation, temperature and relative humidity. Methods The study was conducted in the District of Coração, State of Amapá, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly during three consecutive nights, from 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM, from December 2010 to November 2011. In addition, four 12-hour collections (i.e., 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM) were performed during this period. Results A total of 1,230 Anopheles specimens were collected. In the monthly collections, Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species, followed by An. braziliensis and An. albitarsis s.l., whereas An. darlingi, An. peryassui and An. braziliensis were the most frequent species collected in the 12-hour collections. The greatest number of anophelines was collected in September (the dry season). The highest frequency of anophelines was observed for An. darlingi during September, when there were the least rainfalls of the year, along with lower relative humidity and higher temperatures. There was little variation in the abundance of this species in other months, with the exception of slight increases in February, July and August. Conclusions The major malaria vectors, An. darlingi and An. albitarsis s.l. (likely An. marajoara), were the most abundant species collected in the study area. Consequently, prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent malaria outbreaks in the District of Coração.


• Dengue shock syndrome in an infant.
  Aurpibul L, Khumlue P, Issaranggoon Na Ayuthaya S, et al. Dengue shock syndrome in an infant. [Journal Article]BMJ Case Rep 2014.Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection affecting children and adults worldwide. In newborn infants, the dengue virus can cause diseases, especially in infants born to pregnant women hospitalised with dengue or postpartum women with fever. The authors report a case of a term newborn infant who presented with haemodynamic instability and thrombocytopaenia at the age of 7 days, without a history of clinical dengue infection in the mother. The physical examination revealed an afebrile and drowsy infant with a petechial rash all over the body and ecchymosis on both palms and soles. The authors confirmed the diagnosis using the dengue NS1 antigen on the first day of admission. The treatment included fluid management and platelet transfusion. The patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital on the 10th day of hospitalisation.


• Antibody-dependent SARS coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins.
  Wang SF, Tseng SP, Yen CH, et al. Antibody-dependent SARS coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014 Jul 26.AbstractPublisher Full TextThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) still carries the potential for reemergence, therefore efforts are being made to create a vaccine as a prophylactic strategy for control and prevention. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a mechanism through which dengue viruses, feline coronaviruses, and HIV viruses take advantage of anti-viral humoral immune responses to infect host target cells. Here we describe our observations of SARS-CoV using ADE to enhance the infectivity of a HL-CZ human promonocyte cell line. Quantitative-PCR and immunofluorescence staining results indicate that SARS-CoV is capable of replication in HL-CZ cells, and of displaying virus-induced cytopathic effects and increased levels of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 two days post-infection. According to flow cytometry data, the HL-CZ cells also expressed angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, a SARS-CoV receptor) and higher levels of the FcγRII receptor. We found that higher concentrations of anti-sera against SARS-CoV neutralized SARS-CoV infection, while highly diluted anti-sera significantly increased SARS-CoV infection and induced higher levels of apoptosis. Results from infectivity assays indicate that SARS-CoV ADE is primarily mediated by diluted antibodies against envelope spike proteins rather than nucleocapsid proteins. We also generated monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV spike proteins and observed that most of them promoted SARS-CoV infection. Combined, our results suggest that antibodies against SARS-CoV spike proteins may trigger ADE effects. The data raise new questions regarding a potential SARS-CoV vaccine, while shedding light on mechanisms involved in SARS pathogenesis.


• Life without double-headed non-muscle myosin II motor proteins.
  Betapudi V Life without double-headed non-muscle myosin II motor proteins. [Journal Article, Review]Front Chem 2014.:45.Non-muscle myosin II motor proteins (myosin IIA, myosin IIB, and myosin IIC) belong to a class of molecular motor proteins that are known to transduce cellular free-energy into biological work more efficiently than man-made combustion engines. Nature has given a single myosin II motor protein for lower eukaryotes and multiple for mammals but none for plants in order to provide impetus for their life. These specialized nanomachines drive cellular activities necessary for embryogenesis, organogenesis, and immunity. However, these multifunctional myosin II motor proteins are believed to go awry due to unknown reasons and contribute for the onset and progression of many autosomal-dominant disorders, cataract, deafness, infertility, cancer, kidney, neuronal, and inflammatory diseases. Many pathogens like HIV, Dengue, hepatitis C, and Lymphoma viruses as well as Salmonella and Mycobacteria are now known to take hostage of these dedicated myosin II motor proteins for their efficient pathogenesis. Even after four decades since their discovery, we still have a limited knowledge of how these motor proteins drive cell migration and cytokinesis. We need to enrich our current knowledge on these fundamental cellular processes and develop novel therapeutic strategies to fix mutated myosin II motor proteins in pathological conditions. This is the time to think how to relieve the hijacked myosins from pathogens in order to provide a renewed impetus for patients' life. Understanding how to steer these molecular motors in proliferating and differentiating stem cells will improve stem cell based-therapeutics development. Given the plethora of cellular activities non-muscle myosin motor proteins are involved in, their importance is apparent for human life.


• Dengue Virus E Glycoprotein Production in Transgenic Rice Callus.
  Kim TG, Kim MY, Tien NQ, et al. Dengue Virus E Glycoprotein Production in Transgenic Rice Callus. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]Mol Biotechnol 2014 Jul 29.Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus and represents the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in humans. Dengue virus enters host cells via binding of envelope glycoprotein (E) to a receptor. In this study, plant expression vectors containing native and synthetic glycoprotein E genes (sE) modified based on plant-optimized codon usage and fused with an ER retention signal were constructed under control of the rice amylase 3D promoter expression system. Plant expression vectors were introduced into rice callus (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongin) via particle bombardment-mediated transformation. The integration and expression of target genes were confirmed in the transgenic callus by genomic DNA PCR and Northern blot analyses, respectively. The plant-codon optimized sE gene with an ER retention signal showed high protein production levels based on Western blot analysis of approximately 18.5 ug/g dried calli weight by immunoblot-based densitometric analysis. These results suggest that the plant-codon optimized sE gene with an ER retention signal was highly produced in the transgenic rice callus.


• Predictors of hospital stay and mortality in dengue virus infection-experience from Aga Khan University Hospital Pakistan.
  Khalil MA, Tan J, Khalil MA, et al. Predictors of hospital stay and mortality in dengue virus infection-experience from Aga Khan University Hospital Pakistan. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]BMC Res Notes 2014 Jul 27; 7(1):473.Dengue virus infection (DVI) is very common infection. There is scarcity of data on factor associated with increased hospital stay and mortality in dengue virus infection (DVI). This study was done to know about factors associated with increased hospital stay and mortality in patients admitted with DVI.Out of 532 patients, two third (72.6%) had stay <=3 days while one third (27.4%) had stay greater than 3 days. The mean length of hospital stay was 3.46 +/- 3.45 days. Factors associated with increased hospital stay (>3 days) included AKI (acute kidney injury) (Odd ratio 2.98; 95% CI 1.66-5.34), prolonged prothrombin time (Odd ratio 2.03; 95% CI 1.07-3.84), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (Odd ratio 1.80; CI 95% 1.15-2.83) and increased age of > 41.10 years (Odd ratio 1.03; CI 95% 1.01-1.04).Mortality was 1.5%. High mortality was found in those with AKI (P <0.01), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) (P <0.001), respiratory failure (P0.01), prolong PT (P 0.001), prolong aPTT (P0.01) and increased hospital stay (P0.04).Increasing age, coagulopathy and acute kidney injury in patients with DVI is associated with increased hospital stay. Morality was more in patients with AKI, DHF and DSS, respiratory failure, coagulopathy and these patients had more prolonged hospitalization.


• The changing incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Indonesia: a 45-year registry-based analysis.
  Karyanti MR, Uiterwaal CS, Kusriastuti R, et al. The changing incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Indonesia: a 45-year registry-based analysis. [JOURNAL ARTICLE]BMC Infect Dis 2014 Jul 26; 14(1):412.Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia over a 45-year period and determined age-specific trends in annual DHF incidence.Using an on-going nationwide dengue surveillance program starting in 1968, we evaluated all DHF cases and related deaths longitudinally up to 2013. Population demographics were used to calculate annual incidence and case fatality ratios (CFRs). Age-specific data on DHF available from 1993 onwards were used to assess trends in DHF age-distribution. Time-dependency of DHF incidence and CFRs was assessed using the Cochrane-Armitage trend test.The annual DHF incidence increased from 0.05/100,000 in 1968 to ~ 35-40/100,000 in 2013, with superimposed epidemics demonstrating a similar increasing trend with the highest epidemic occurring in 2010 (85.70/100,000; p < 0.01). The CFR declined from 41% in 1968 to 0.73% in 2013 (p < 0.01). Mean age of DHF cases increased during the observation period. Highest incidence of DHF was observed among children aged 5 to 14 years up to 1998, but declined thereafter (p < 0.01). In those aged 15 years or over, DHF incidence increased (p < 0.01) and surpassed that of 5 to 14 year olds from 1999 onwards.Incidence of DHF over the past 45 years in Indonesia increased rapidly with peak incidence shifting from young children to older age groups. The shifting age pattern should have consequences for targeted surveillance and prevention.


• Virus interactions with endothelial cell receptors: implications for viral pathogenesis.
  Dalrymple NA, Mackow ER Virus interactions with endothelial cell receptors: implications for viral pathogenesis. [REVIEW]Curr Opin Virol 2014 Jul 23.:134-140.AbstractPublisher Full TextThe endothelial lining of the vasculature performs a vital role in maintaining fluid barrier functions despite balancing nutrient and fluid content of tissues, repairing localized damage, coordinating responses of a plethora of factors, immune cells and platelets through a multitude of endothelial cell surface receptors. Viruses that nonlytically cause lethal hemorrhagic or edematous diseases engage receptors on vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, altering normal cellular responses that control capillary leakage and fluid clearance functions with lethal consequences. Recent studies indicate that receptors directing dengue virus and hantavirus infection of the endothelium contribute to the dysregulation of normal endothelial cell signaling responses that control capillary permeability and immune responses that contribute to pathogenesis. Here we present recent studies of virally altered endothelial functions that provide new insight into targeting barrier functions of the endothelium as a potential therapeutic approach.